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References

  1. EPAP: Mahadevia AK, Onal E and Lopata M. Effect of Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure on Sleep-induced Respiratory Abnormalities in Patients with Hypersomnia-Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128:708-711 CPAP: Sullivan CE, Issa FG, Berthom-Jones M, Eves L. Reversal of obstructive sleep apnea by continuous positive airway pressure applied through the nares. Lancet 1981; 1:862-5
  2. Summary:  In order to explore the efficacy of expiratory airway pressure (EPAP) in the prevention of hypersomnia-sleep apnea syndrome 1 wk apart, without and with 10 cm water of EPAP.  We found that EPAP significantly reduced apnea index (p,0.01), maximal and mean duration of apneas (p,0.01) and awake supine arterial oxygen saturation (p<0.01) in all 9 patients.  We also found that EPAP significantly decreased the relative time spent in Stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep (p<0.01) and increased the relative time sent in Stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep (p < 0.01).  These results indicate that EPAP reduces frequency and duration of apneas and the degree of nocturnal oxygen desaturation and improves sleep quality in patient with hypersomnia apnea syndrome. Mahadevia AK, Onal E and Lopata M. Effect of Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure on Sleep-induced Respiratory Abnormalities in Patients with Hypersomnia-Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 128:708-711
  3. Colrain, IM, Brooks S and Black J. A pilot Evaluation of a Nasal Expiratory Resistance Device for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.  Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.  Vol 4. No. 5 2008
  4. Rosenthal L, Massie CA, Dolan D, Loomas B, Kram J and Hart RW. A Multicenter, Prospective Study of a Novel EPAP Device in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Efficacy and 30-Day Adhearence J Clin Sleep Med 2009;5(6):532-547
  5. Doshi R, Westbrook P. Nasal Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review of Clinical Studies of Provent Therapy. Respiratory Therapy Vol. 6 No 4. August-September 2011
  6. Riaz M, Certal V, Nigam G, Abdullatif J, Zaghi S, Kushida C and Camacho M.  Nasal Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure Devices (Provent) for OSA; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.  Copyright © 2015 Muhamad Riaz et al.  This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited